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INTRODUCTION
Many people in the world have never thought about knowing their blood
group until there is a need for transfusion of blood at the time of emergency.
Professor Dr. Sarfraz Hussain says that the life which we are spending without
knowing our blood group is miserable. In the modern world knowing your blood
group is such a strong bio-marker that it is considered in all fields of life.
In Japan people do not hesitate to ask blood group to judge compatibility of
their partner or at the time of interview for a job even people ask about blood
group before dating or meeting someone for very first time. So it is a norm to
ask “What is your blood group?” [1] or in an advertisement for a job, it is
written that people with blood group “O” are encouraged to apply instead of
saying “Women are encouraged to apply”. The hospitals in Pakistan are full of
patients suffering from numerous diseases, spending their earnings of life on
medical treatment within few days. Peter D’Adamo and Dr Lam have worked a lot
on blood group specific diet and have published many books as “Eat right 4 your
Type”. Millions of these books are sold but with many controversial opposing
thoughts. Diet is very important for living a healthy life. God has produced no
any junk food but to a specific food we call a junk food is best food for one
blood group. It is highly important to know about specific diet of your blood
group type. The food guide pyramids are designed to guide the consumers about
various food groups and how much to eat from each group to remain healthy. The
shape of these pyramids were correlated to accommodate groups of foods used in
daily life by putting these groups in chambers and specifying the area
according to the demand of foods falling in these groups. These pyramids present
in Egypt are considered to be having treasures buried in them. Similarly food
is also a treasure for life and can be found on these triangles. The first Food
Pyramid was published in Sweden in 1974. Graphic representation of the food
groups was made in the beginning of 1988. Food Guide Pyramid was finally
released in 1992 by USDA, further updating was made in 2005and replaced in
2011.
International scientific community criticized food guide pyramid
released by USDA, saying that “The current food pyramids are not working
properly” and the recommendations are nutritionally and biochemically unsound
and also not applicable universally, hence needs to be revised [2]. These
pyramids are still being used by nutritionists to guide about the nutrition in
many countries without any positive effect. So called balanced diet does not
remain balanced once entered in to the body due to conflicting “lectins”.
Scientists said that one man’s diet is other man’s poison [3]. This is due to
the reason of presence of variable lectins in all foods. These lectins are a
type of protein present indifferent foods which react with blood cells and
binds to sugars causing agglutination in blood [4].
Harvard scientist Dr. Stampfer and Dr. Willett [5], criticising on USDA
pyramid saying that it is not up-to-date with current nutritional research
stating following faults in food pyramid:
1.
All fats are bad.
2.
All complex carbohydrates are good.
3.
Protein is protein.
4.
Dairy products are essential.
No guidance on weight, exercise, alcohol, vitamins and minerals
provided [5,6].
No considerations are made for change in climatic conditions, which
cause variation and availability of seasonal fruits and vegetables to combat
emerging diseases [7].
Blood group data is not very common and also not easily available due
to many social and ethnic reasons.
Blood group “B” is dominant in the Himalayas, in the region of today’s
Pakistan and India [4,8]. In Pakistan these blood groups are present in the
proportions as “B” 36%, “O” 33%, “A” 21% and “AB” 9%. In Pakistan the most
common blood group is “B” which has liver as target organ and is very much
prone to hepatitis. It is still to be exploring that what genetic factors cause
some specific tissues and organs to function dominantly in one blood group,
there may be many besides blood group of that individual. Blood group is
perhaps most important factor which may also be considered to re-evaluate BMI
of the population of the world if it has any significance to determine
calorific values and diet. Re-evaluation may be made according to the blood
groups prevailing in the world for accurate setting of cut of values. Because
blood group individuals have many similar diet choices where ever living in the
world. Pakistan is number one in hepatitis due to this blood group. Prof Dr
Sarfraz Hussain working at Institute of Food Science & Nutrition,
University of Sargodha, Pakistan has taken up the challenge and explored
through studies on blood group related diet to remain healthy and prevent
diseases. He has made a breakthrough in nutrition science by developing a world’s
first ultimate diet pyramid based on blood group diet targeting four types of
tissues [9-12]. His diet pyramid has been appreciated by relevant health
workers in the modern world but most of others are still unable to understand
the significance and about the working of this diet pyramid in nutritional
health. This diet pyramid tells exact diet according to blood group and their
tissues where ever the individuals may believe in the world. This pyramid needs
to be filled as patent (Figure 1).
He explains that there are four major types of blood groups, tissues
and their diet is entirely different from each other. Hippocrates (450 BCE to
380 BCE) said that “Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food”.
Some people believe that diet cannot control diseases, but Dr. Sarfraz
Hussain is of the opinion that taking wrong diet causes serious illness and
diet according to blood groups is the only way to remain healthy. When the
human are healthy, they rely 100% on diet but when fell ill still remains 50%
on diet, 25% on medicine and 25% on environment and psychology. God has
mentioned about some fruits in Holy Quran as Fig (Dry and Cold) and Olives (Wet
and Hot) (Surah Watteen-Aya #1-4), Dates (Hot and Wet) and Pomegranate (Cold and
Dry) (surah Al-Bakra-Aya #266). These fruits have highly different nutritional
(on the basis of food analysis) and temperamental differences and cannot be
suitably given to each four different blood group type individuals. It is very
much clear that what so ever we take targets mainly our tissues and are most
suitable to our blood group temperaments (O-bloody, A-Phlegmatic, B-Yellow bile
and AB-Black bile) (Table 1and Figure 2).
Medical Science has reported that there are four types of tissues
signifying relationship to four blood group type individuals, viz. A-Nervous
tissues, B-Epithelial tissues, AB-Connective tissue sand O-Muscular tissues.
Similarly these well-developed tissues variably in each blood group need
specific diet to keep the individuals healthy. The present balanced diet and
nutrition is based on calories recommendation and not according to the tissue
requirements. Balanced diet and nutrition is actually based on presence of
various simpler sugars, acids, amino acids, carbohydrates and fatty acids
required variably by different tissues. Four types of tissues mentioned as
above have different requirements for proper functioning of these tissues.
Glucose is the simplest sugar required by epithelial tissues and all
such foods which have higher glucose sugars are highly suitable for blood group
“B” people. While high fructose present in honey, dates and grapes is highly
suitable for blood group “O” people.
Mouth is the gate way of nutrition having taste buds on tongue. There
are four taste buds present on our tongue (Figure
3).
First one is sweet, second to that is salty; third one is tart and
fourth present at the last part of our tongue signifying bitter and astringent
taste. These foods are liked by our taste buds, which later on become balanced
diet and nutrition for that specific person. The current balanced diet and
nutrition is based on composition of foods but a food having high nutritional
value if not selected by a specific taste bud of an individual will not provide
any nutrition to that person. These four blood group individuals also have well
developed separate taste buds and specific pronounced functional tissues formed
through genetic make-up and blood group. Individual shaving blood group “A” has
nervous tissues as target tissues, for “B” people, it is epithelial and for
“AB” and “O” types, it is connective and muscular tissues, respectively. These
people like similar foods which are required by their relevant well developed
tissues. Specific taste buds also are responsible for development and curing
different diseases. Not all diseases develop in all individuals. Specific blood
group individuals may have specific diseases. These facts are supported by
scientific studies.
Prevalence of diseases such as coeliac disease, autoimmune diseases,
rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, cardiovascular disease and insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus, suggests that some dietary factor specific to plant foods
could initiate these diseases.
Of the food lectins, grain/cereal lectins, dairy lectins and legume
lectins are the most common ones associated with aggravation of inflammatory
and digestive diseases in the body and improvement of these diseases and/or
symptoms when avoided.
Lectins serve as a vehicle to allow foreign proteins to invade our
natural gut defence and cause damage, commonly in joints, brain, skin and
various body glands.
Continued exposure of the gut by these unwelcomed food lectins create a
persistent stimulation of the body’s defence mechanism in a dysfunctional
manner, which manifests as an autoimmune disease. If the lectins in diet are
causative in initiating all these diseases, it should be possible to identify
the responsible constituents and modify or remove them so as to make the diet
healthier [13].
While some Greek medicine practitioners also classified diseases on the
basis of temperament of individuals but Dr. Sarfraz Hussain carefully
correlated these diseases with blood groups and investigated suitable diets to
cure these diseases on the basis of tissues. He affirmed that temperament and
blood group studies are very similar and these diseases can be cured with diet
of opposite temperament.
He says that present balanced diet and nutrition is not working
properly and he also intend to modify the definition of current balanced diet
and nutrition as “It is an in-built capacity of mind of a person having a
particular blood group type (A, B, AB and O) which is based on specific taste
buds to select a particular food which ultimately becomes source of balanced
diet and nutrition for her/him. However, this ability is independent of age, sex
and sanity. A food having high nutrition (based on food analyses) if not
selected by taste buds of that individual will not provide any nutrition to
that individual commonly known as likes and dislikes. Foods consumed on these
bases when entered in to the GI tract do not provide same nutrition as affected
by many internal factors. As enzymes, lectins and micro-organisms present in GI
tract. There are well defined differences in types of macrobiotic GI tract of
four blood group individuals which need specific pH and acidity, sugars, amino
acids, carbohydrates and fatty acids. God has gifted our food according to the
changing season but just opposite to the seasons to save us from changing
season and cure diseases.
Novel findings indicated that the ABO blood group is one of the
genetically determined host factors modulating the composition of the human
intestinal microbiota, thus enabling new applications in the field of
personalized nutrition and medicine.
Research work carried out at Harvard School of Public Health shows that
there is a strong correlation between blood group and heart diseases. Findings
were based on two large US analytical studies in which 62,073 women from nurses
and 27,428 subjects from health profession were studied between the age of 30
and 75 years and followed for 20 years. The work was published in an American
Heart Association Journal. It was claimed that blood group “AB” individuals
were more vulnerable to heart attack and people having blood group “O” were 20%
more resistant to heart disease based on lifestyle and diet [14]. Dr. Sarfraz
Hussain also strongly agrees with the findings of this study due to its large
number of subjects and duration of the study. But one of his most strong
evidence is that the “AB” people have well developed connective tissues
commonly known as bones and these bones are the coldest part and bad conductor
of heat and result in low blood circulation in the body and due to having both
antigens (antigen-A and antigen-B) also need extra calcium for the health of
bones.
Atherosclerosis, thrombosis prevails in blood group “AB”. Additional
doze of calcium is recommended to “AB” people [15]. These results were also
confirmed by the studies conducted by Akram and Hussain [16]. These people face
clotting of blood in legs and suffer heart failure. Parents having blood group
“A” and “B” should avoid marriages so that formation of blood group “AB” in
children can be avoided (Figure 4).
It is essential to know the exact diet of “AB” to avoid complications
and blockage of arteries. Having stents can also be avoidably strictly
following the diet of “AB” designed by Dr. Sarfaz Hussain.
In Pakistan blood group distribution is shown in map, which is highest
“B” in the grey color (25-30%) (Figure
5).
Pakistanis at high risk of Hepatitis due to high prevalence of blood
group “B” due to the reason of liver being target organ in this blood group.
These people need highest doze of iron through diet designed by Prof. Dr.
Sarfraz Hussain. He has also categorized many diseases in to various categories
according to temperaments and blood groups. His findings can be much helpful in
saving money, avoiding wrong diagnosis and proper curing of diseases. Dr.
Sarfraz also intends to serve the nation to combat diseases and reduce
malnutrition in Pakistan and in the world by diagnosing appropriate diet
according to the blood groups and their tissues. He has treated many
complicated cases through recommending diet and have published peer reviewed
research papers [11,12]. He is of the opinion that BMI should be re-evaluated
on the basis of prevalence of blood groups in a country and new real cut-off
values for BMI of four blood groups in the world should be found [17]. Iron fortification
of flour is the real need for people having blood group “B” [18] and iodine
fortification in salt is really needed for thyroid gland and may use turmeric as
natural source but avoid cucumber, cabbage and cauliflower. These vegetables will
bind iodine and in the same manner all foods are selective for all four blood
groups. Iodine is needed mostly by blood group “O” [19]; otherwise overload in
rest of blood groups is dangerous. People having blood group “O” deficient in
Iodine may suffer from stunted growth. But other blood groups may not show any
significant stunted growth. Group “O” need Iodine for proper functioning of
thyroid gland. Many food technologists are working as nutritionists and dieticians
in the modern world. But in Pakistan these people having good knowledge about
food are not being registered as nutritionists.
1.
Buerk R (2010) Dating by
blood type in Japan. BBC News, Tokyo, Japan.
2.
Anonymous (2008) Defective
food pyramid. Retrieved from: http://cavewomanrunner.wordpress.com/2008/11/17/defective-food-pyramid/
3.
James LDA, Richards A
(1994) One man’s food is someone else’s poison. 7th Edn. Health
through herbs Inc. 186 st. George Street, Toronto, Canada M5R 2N3.
4.
Peter JDA, Catherine W
(2000) Live right 4 your type-4 blood types, 4-programmes for a healthy life.
Distributors Stack theme Ltd., 59 Bridge Street, Dollar, FK 147DQ, Scotland.
5.
Walter CW, Stampfer MJ
(2006) Rebuilding the food pyramid. Sci Am 16: 12-21.
6.
Hargrove T (2012) Harvard
nutritionist says USDA food pyramid’ is wrong. Retrieved from: http://www.rense.com/general12/wrong.htm
7.
Faiz MF (2002) Quliat-e-Tib-e-Islami
(Keys to Islamic way of Healing) (In Urdu). Faiz UlHikmat, Islamia College®
54-stop, Street No. 1, Yasir Ghafar Town, Okara, Pakistan.
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Ali N (2005) Frequency of
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Sci 21: 26-29.
9.
Hussain S (2014) Ultimate
diet pyramid based on blood groups. Presented in International Conference &
Expo, Conference Session, Clinical & Therapeutic Nutrition, Recent
Developments in Human Nutrition Lahore 2014: 78-79.
10.
Hussain S, Rashid F, Zahra
SM, Nasir MU, Raique A (2016) Blood group diet research is the key to get
precise results to improve human health. Res Rev J Food Dairy Technol, e-ISSN: 2321-6204,
p-ISSN: 2347-2359.
11.
Hussain S, Raza Q, Zahra
SM, Fatima I, Rashid F (2017) Effect of blood group diet on infertility in ABO
blood groups. Res Rev J Food Dairy Technol, e-ISSN: 2321-6204, p-ISSN: 2347-2359.
12.
Hussain S, Raza Q, Fatima I,
Zahra SM, Rashid F (2017) Obesity is an eating disorder causing many diseases.
Nutr Food Toxicol 1: 154-159.
13.
Hamid R, Masood A (2009)
Dietary lectins as disease causing toxicants. Department of Biochemistry, University
of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Pak J Nutr 8: 293-303.
14.
He M, Brian W, Kathy R, Jo Ann
EM, Eric R, et al. (2012) ABO blood group and risk of coronary heart disease in
two prospective cohort studies. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular
Biology. J Am Heart Assoc 32: 2314-2320.
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Babar SQ (2005) Research on
human blood groups – Diet, practices of herbal medicine and homeopathy. Mesal
Pub, Raheem Centre, Press market Amin Pur Bazar, Faisalabad, Pakistan, p: 384.
16.
Akram S, Hussain S (2015)
Comparative studies on deficiency of calcium in blood group AB of female
hostelized students with other blood group types. Res Rev J Food Dairy Technol,
pp: 1-5.
17.
Ainee A, Hussain S, Kausar
T, Qureshi TM, Nadeem M, et al. (2014) Studies on comparison of body mass index
(BMI) of school going children having different blood groups (A, B, AB and O)
of Sargodha district. Pak J Nutr 13: 164-167.
18.
Mukhtar S (2015)
Nutritional status assessment of hepatitis C patients with special reference to
blood groups. MS Unpublished thesis. Institute of Food Science and Nutrition,
University of Sargodha, Pakistan.
19.
Haris A, Hussain S, Qureshi
TM, Nadeem M, Nasir MU (2014) Surveillance of blood group “O” human with reference
to iodine. Sci Int (Lahore) 26: 311-316.
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